الْمَعْرِفَةُ

The default state of a noun اسْمٌ is (common) indefinite / النَّكِرَةُ

A noun will be (proper) definite for the below 7 reasons:

* Words with ال

* Proper nouns

* The one being called

* Pronouns

* Pointer words

* Relative pronouns

* The word before, if the word after  “of ” in a compound is definite (proper)

أَنَاهُمْهُوَالضَّمَائِرُPronouns1
مَكَّةُبِلَالٌأَحْمَدُالسْمَاءُ العَلَمُProper names2
أُلَائِكَذَلِكَهَذَاالسْمَاءُ الإِشّارَةُDemonstrative pronouns3
مَنْمَاالَّتِيالَّذِيالسْمَاءُ المَوْصُوْلُRelative pronouns4
الرَّجُلُالْكِتَابُA noun with the definite article الْ5
كِتَابُ حَامِدٍكِتَابُ هَذَاكِتَابُهُمُضَافٌA noun with a definite noun as its مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ6
يَا رَجُلُيَا وَلَدُمُنَادَىA مُنَادَى specified by a نِدَاءٌ (calling)7