فِعْلٌ-Verb
A verb is a word that is stuck in time, which describes an action that has a tense (past, present or future)
A verb in the Arabic language consists of: 1) the action and 2) the doer of the action, which makes it a full sentence.
The details of the action eg why, when, how, where, what may follow.
The doer of the action will be sigified by the Raff ending.
The details of the action will be signified by the nasb ending.
Any noun coming after ‘of’ will be signified by the Jarr ending.
*Your first priority when you see a fi’l in the past tense is to find the doer which is at the end of the verb
| Past tense verb | الْفِعْلُ الْمَاضِي | |||||||||
| Plural | Pair | Singular | ||||||||
| They did | فَعَلُوْا | هُمْ | They 2 did | فَغَلَا | هُمَا | He did | outside do’er replaces ‘he’ | فَغَلَ | هُوَ | Masculine 3rd person |
| They (ladies) did | فَعَلْنَ | هُنَّ | They 2 (ladies) did | فَعَلَتَا | هُمَا | She did | outside do’er replaces ‘she’ | فَعَلَتْ | هِيَ | Feminine 3rd person |
| You’ll did, not they | فَعَلْتُمْ | أَنْتُمْ | You 2 did | فَعَلْتَا | أَنْتُمَا | You did | فَعَلْتَ | أَنْتَ | Masculine 2nd person | |
| You’ll (ladies) did | فَعَلْتُنَّ | أَنْتُنَّ | You 2 (ladies) did | فَعَلْتُمَا | أَنْتُمَا | You (lady) did, not she | فَعَلْتِ | أَنْتِ | Feminine 2nd person | |
| We did | فَعَلْنَا | نَحْنُ | I did | فَعَلْتُ | أَنَا | 1st person | ||||
To translate Fi’ls with attached pronouns (nasb because they are details) like نَصَرَنِي follow the below process:
i) identify and ignore the attached pronoun نِي
ii) translate the fi’l by itself نَصَرَ means ‘he helped’
iii) thereafter translate the attached pronoun by itself نِي means ‘me’
iv) then put it all together نَصَرَنِي means ‘he helped me’
* outside do’er replaces فَعَلَ ‘he’ or فَعَلَتْ ‘she’
*outside do’er must come after (not necessarily immediately after) the noun and be Raff
Changes in the present tense verbs occur in the beginning of the verb such as
i) أَ or أُ for ‘I’
ii) نَ or نُ for ‘We’
iii) يَ or يُ for ‘he’
*There are four kinds of ي and ت . Add to the end of those verbs ‘aani/انِ’ for dual, ‘oona/وْنَ’ for plural and ‘نَ’ for feminine plural
iv) تَ or تُ for ‘You’
v) There are two kinds of ت for ‘she’ and ت with يْنَ ending for ‘You’ (feminine).
vi) When translating, begin your translation from the front of the present tense verb
| Present tense | الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ | ||||||||
| Plural | Pair | Singular | |||||||
| They help | يَنْصُرُوْنَ | هُمْ | They 2 help | يَنْصُرَانِ | هُمَا | He helps | يَنْصُرُ | هُوَ | Masculine 3rd person |
| They (feminine) help | يَنْصُرْنَ | هُنَّ | They 2 (feminine) help | تَنْصُرَانِ | هُمَا | She helps | تَنْصُرُ | هِيَ | Feminine 3rd person |
| You’ll help | تَنْصُرُوْنَ | أَنْتُمْ | You 2 help | تَنْصُرَانِ | أَنْتُمَ | You help | تَنْصُرُ | أَنْتَ | Masculine 2nd person |
| You’ll (feminine) help | تَنْصُرْنَ | أَنْتُنَّ | You 2 (feminine) help | تَنْصُرِانِ | أَنْتُمَا | You (feminine)help | تَنْصُرِيْنَ | أَنْتِ | Feminine 2nd person |
| We help | نَنْصُرُ | نَحْنُ | I help | أَنْصُرُ | أَنَا | 1st person |
| Light particles | ||||||
| Made up of | and | |||||
| that – to | أَنْ | |||||
| *Negative in the future | shall not or will not | لَنْ | ||||
| *can be used seperately while giving the complete meaning of لِكَيْ individually | * لِ takes sukoon when preceded by ‘and وَلْ’ or ‘so فَلْ’ | لِ | كَيْ | so that | لِكَيْ | |
| in that case | إِذًا | إِذَنْ | ||||
| until | حَتَّى |
| Present tense | الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ | ||||||||
| Plural | Pair | Singular | |||||||
| They help | يَنْصُرُوْا | هُمْ | They 2 help | يَنْصُرَا | هُمَا | He helps | يَنْصُرَ | هُوَ | Masculine 3rd person |
| They (feminine) help | يَنْصُرْنَ | هُنَّ | They 2 (feminine) help | تَنْصُرَا | هُمَا | She helps | تَنْصُرَ | هِيَ | Feminine 3rd person |
| You’ll help | تَنْصُرُوْا | أَنْتُمْ | You 2 help | تَنْصُرَا | أَنْتُمَ | You help | تَنْصُرَ | أَنْتَ | Masculine 2nd person |
| You’ll (feminine) help | تَنْصُرْنَ | أَنْتُنَّ | You 2 (feminine) help | تَنْصُرِا | أَنْتُمَا | You (feminine)help | تَنْصُرِيْ | أَنْتِ | Feminine 2nd person |
| We help | نَنْصُرَ | نَحْنُ | I help | أَنْصُرَ | أَنَا | 1st person |
| Lightest particles | ||||||
| If | إِنْ | |||||
| *Negative in the past | did not | لَمْ | ||||
| has not yet | لَمَّا | |||||
| *There are about 7 types of lam in the holy Quran | *takes sukoon when preceded by ‘and’ or ‘so’ | فَلْ | وَلْ | should | لِ | |
ْ
| Present tense | الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ | ||||||||
| Plural | Pair | Singular | |||||||
| They help | يَنْصُرُوْا | هُمْ | They 2 help | يَنْصُرَا | هُمَا | He helps | يَنْصُرْ | هُوَ | Masculine 3rd person |
| They (feminine) help | يَنْصُرْنَ | هُنَّ | They 2 (feminine) help | تَنْصُرَا | هُمَا | She helps | تَنْصُرْ | هِيَ | Feminine 3rd person |
| You’ll help | تَنْصُرُوْا | أَنْتُمْ | You 2 help | تَنْصُرَا | أَنْتُمَ | You help | تَنْصُرْ | أَنْتَ | Masculine 2nd person |
| You’ll (feminine) help | تَنْصُرْنَ | أَنْتُنَّ | You 2 (feminine) help | تَنْصُرِا | أَنْتُمَا | You (feminine)help | تَنْصُرِيْ | أَنْتِ | Feminine 2nd person |
| We help | نَنْصُرْ | نَحْنُ | I help | أَنْصُرْ | أَنَا | 1st person |
Commanding and forbidding:
i) You can’t command in the past, someone who is not there or yourself.
ii) You can only command ‘You’.
iii) It is easier to forbid (لَا تَنْصُرْ – Do not help – add la plus lightest form) than to command (step 1 make it lightest, step 2 get rid of ت, step 3 for unreadable words add alif like اُ or اِ, look at the second last letter, if it has an u, put u, if it doesn’t have an u, put ee).
iv) A command is not always a command like ‘Go’ (also used to allow/permit or encourage/suggest/motivate or sarcasm or threat)
الْمُعْرَبُ وَالْمَبْنِيُّ مِنَ الْأَفْعَالِ
الْفِعْلُ الْمَاضِي وَالْفِعْلُ الْأَمْرِ مَبْنِيَّانِ
| Groups of the sound triliteral verb | أَبْوَابُ الْفِعْلِ الثُّلَاثِيِّ الْمُجَرَّدِ |
| Approximately | 6,299 verbs | ||||
| Group I – I | Group I – A | Group U – U | Group A – A | Group A – I | Group A – U |
| بَاب حَسِبَ | بَاب سَمِعَ | بَاب كَرُمَ | بَاب فَتَحَ | بَاب ضَرَبَ | بَاب نَصَرَ |
| حَسِبَ يَحْسِبُ | سَمِعَ يَسْمَعُ | كَرُمَ يَكْرُمُ | فَتَحَ يَفْتَحُ | ضَرَبَ يَضْرِبُ | نَصَرَ يَنْصُرُ |
| ح | س | ك | ف | ض | ن |
| Derived forms of the triliteral verb | الْفِعْلُ الثُّلَاثِيُّ الْمَزِيْدُ فِيْهِ |
| Form | Form IV | Form III | Form II |
| بَاب إِفْعَالٌ | بَاب مُفَاعَلَةٌ وَ فِعَالٌ | بَاب تَفْعِيْلٌ | |
| Usage | Causative | Reciprocal/Collective | Causative, Intensive/Extensive |
| أَفْعَلَ يُفْعِلُ | فَاعَلَ يُفَاعِلُ | فَعَّلَ يُفَعِّلُ | |
| Form | Form VII | Form VI | Form V |
| بَاب اِنْفِعَالٌ | بَاب تَفَاعُلٌ | بَاب تَفَعُّلٌ | |
| Usage | Passive of Form 1 | Reflexive of Form 3, Pretension | Reflexive of Form 2 |
| اِنْفَعَلَ يَنْفَعِلُ | تَفَاعَلَ يَتَفَاعَلُ | تَفَعَّلَ يَتَفَعَّلُ | |
| Form | Form X | Form IX | Form VIII |
| بَاب اِسْتِفْعَالٌ | بَاب اِفْعِلَالٌ | بَاب اِفْتِعَالٌ | |
| Usage | Causative, Reflexive | Color, Defects | Reflexive of Form 1 |
| اِفْتَعَلَ يَفْتَعِلُ | |||
| Quadrilateral verb | الْفِعْلُ الرُّبَاعِيُّ | ||
| بَاب فَعْلَلَ يُفَعْلِلُ | |||
| الْفِعْلُ الرُّبَاعِيُّ الْمَزِيْدُ فِيْهِ | |||
| اِفْعِنْلَالٌ | اِفْعِلَّالٌ | بَاب تَفَعْلُلٌ | |
| اِفْعَنْلَلَ يَفْعَنْلِلُ | اِفْعَلَلَّ يَفْعَلِلُّ | تَفَعْلَلَ يَتَفَعْلَلُ | |