اتَّقَى
A word in the Arabic language will either be 1) a verb or 2) a noun or 3) a particle – اتَّقَى is a verb
A verb will either be 1) past tense or 2) present or future tense or 3) a command or request verb, also called an imperative – اتَّقَى is a past tense verb
Who guards against evil; Who keeps his duty
To protect, save, preserve, ward off, guard against evil and calamity, be secure, take as a shield, regard the duty
| الغَائِبُ هُوَ | اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُوْلِ | اِسْمُ الْفَاعِلِ | و ق ي | اتَّقَى يَتَّقِي | بَابٌ اِفْتِعَالٌ |
| Subject He | Passive participle | Active participle | Root | Form 8 | اَلْمَصْدَرُ |
| مُتَّقًى | مُتَّقٍ | فِعْلٌ | Reflexive of form 1 / Reciprocal / Passive | إِتِّقَاءٌ | |
| Verb of command Request | فِعْلُ أَمْرٍ | Present and future tense verb | فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ | Past tense verb | فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ |
| He fears | يَتَّقِي | He feared | اتَّقَى | ||
| They two fear | يَتَّقِيَانِ | They two feared | اِتَّقَيَا | ||
| They fear | يَتَّقُوْنَ | They feared | اِتَّقَوْا | ||
| She fears | تَتَّقِي | She feared | اِتَّقَيَتْ | ||
| They two (feminine) fear | تَتَّقِيَانِ | They two (feminine) feared | اِتَّقَيَتَا | ||
| They (feminine) fear | يَتَّقِيْنَ | They (feminine) feared | اِتَّقَيْنَ | ||
| Fear | اِتَّقِ | You fear | تَتَّقِي | You feared | اِتَّقَيْتَ |
| Fear (You two) | اتَّقِيَا | You two fear | تَتَّقِيَانِ | You two feared | اِتَّقَيْتُمَا |
| Fear (You all) | اتَّقُوْا | You all fear | تَتَّقُوْنَ | You all feared | اِتَّقَيْتُمْ |
| Fear (feminine) | اتَّقِي | You (feminine) fear | تَتَّقِيْنَ | You (feminine) feared | اِتَّقَيْتِ |
| Fear (You two feminine) | اتَّقِيَا | You two (feminine) fear | تَتَّقِيَانِ | You two (feminine) feared | اِتَّقَيْتُمَا |
| Fear (You all feminine) | اتَّقِيْنَ | You all (feminine) fear | تَتَّقِيْنَ | You all (feminine) feared | اِتَّقَيْتُنَّ |
| I fear | أَتَّقِي | I feared | اِتَّقَيْتُ | ||
| We fear | نَتَّقِي | We feared | اِتَّقَيْنَا | ||
| Surah/ | Below are the 7 verses in the holy Quran containing the verb | اتَّقَى |
| Verse | ||
| They ask you about the new moons, say these are indicators of periods for the people | يَسْئَلُوْنَكَ عَنِ الأَهِلَّةِ قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيْتُ لِلنَّاسِ | |
| and the pilgrimage and it is not piety to enter the houses from the back | وَالحَجِّ وَلَيْسَ البِرُّ بِأَنْ تَأْتُوْا البُيُوْتَ مِنْ ظُهُوْرِهَا | |
| but piety is who fears (God-Conscious) | وَلَاكِنَّ البِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقَى | |
| so, enter the houses through their proper doors | وَأْتُوْا البُيُوْتَ مِنْ أَبْوَابِهَا | |
| 2-189 | and be mindful of Allah (SWT) so that you may be successful | وَاتَّقٌوْا اللهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ |
| and remember Allah (SWT) in the numbered days and whoever hurries in two days | وَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَّعْدُودَاتٍ فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ | |
| there is no sin on him and whoever stays on there is no sin on him for those of you who fear (mindful) | فَلَآ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ لِمَنِ اتَّقَى | |
| 2-203 | and be mindful of Allah (SWT) and know that unto Him you will be gathered | وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُوْنَ |
| Nay, who fulfills his promise (covenant) and fears | بَلَى مَنْ أَوْفَى بِعَهْدِهِ وَاتَّقَى | |
| 3-76 | then truly Allah (SWT) loves those who fear (righteous) | فَإِنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ المُتَّقِيْنَ |
| Did you not see to those, it was said to them, “Restrain (withhold) your hands | أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِيْنَ قِيْلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ | |
| and establish (stand up) prayer and give the obligatory tax?” | وَأَقِيْمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَءَاتُوا الزَّكَاةَ | |
| then when the fighting was ordained on them | فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ القِتَالُ | |
| behold (suddenly) a group among them fear men (people) like the fear of Allah (SWT) or greater, fear | إِذَا فَرِيْقٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً | |
| and they said, “Our Lord! Why You write (prescribe) for us the fighting? | وَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا لِمَ كَتَبْتَ عَلَيْنَا القِتَالَ | |
| Why not You delay for us to a near term” | لَوْلَآ أَخَّرْتَنَآ إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَرِيْبٍ | |
| Say, “Enjoyment of the world is little and the hereafter is better for who fears | قُلْ مَتَاعُ الدُّنْيَا قَلِيْلٌ وَالآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِّمَنِ اتَّقَى | |
| 4-77 | and not you will be wronged a hair on a date seed” | وَلَا تُظْلَمُوْنَ فَتِيْلًا |
| O children of Adam! If comes to you messengers from among you narrating to you My verses | يَا بَنِي ءَادَمَ إِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ رُسُلٌ مِّنْكُمْ يَقُصُّوْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ ءَايَاتِي | |
| 7-35 | then whoever fears and corrects then no fear upon them and not will they grieve | فَمَنِ اتَّقَى وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُوْنَ |
| 53-32 | ||
| 92-5 | so as for who gives, and he fears | فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى |
Form 8 is the reflexive or middle voice (مُطَاوِعٌ) of form 1. The reflex object is either a) the direct object or accusative or b) the indirect object or dative implying for oneself or for one’s own advantage. Reflexive verbs describe actions that a subject or subjects perform on itself or themselves using reflexive pronouns like myself, ourselves, yourself, him or herself, itself etc
2) It is common in this form to express reciprocity (describing actions that two or more people perform on each other)
3) Occasionally the original reflexive meaning passes into the passive, especially in verbs which do not have form 7
4) In a few verbs form 8 and form 1 agree so closely that they may be translated by the same word